Facial Profiling

When does facial expression reading bleed over into facial profiling? Dr. Paul Ekman and other experts in the field of facial movement and expression are consistent in their message - you should see a person's neutral face, their baseline expressions, BEFORE you attempt to draw much conclusion from static photos, in particular.

And yet some research seems to point to people being able to predict some personality features by looking at pictures of faces. What's going on here? Is "facial profiling" ever reasonable, ever fair?

Slate Magazine has a great article on the subject:

But today, physiognomy is making a comeback. In the last decade, breakthroughs in 3-D modeling and animation software have opened up the field. At the same time, ideas from genetics and evolutionary psychology are reanimating old debates about biological determinism, race and gender differences, and why humans possess the faces and bodies that we do.

The new research suggests we are more skilled at "reading faces" than we knew. People are surprisingly adept at assessing sexual orientation from headshots. Five-year-olds can predict election outcomes based on photos of the candidates. We can even guess whether a face belongs to a Democrat or a Republican at a rate better than chance, according to a forthcoming study out of Princeton.

And here it is again...

How many of these shots have we seen now from press conferences involving some sort of accusation or resignation. What exactly is this expression? How many shots do the photographers need to take and sort through before they nail it -- is it an ongoing expression, or fleeting? Is it spontaneous, or an expression assumed to attempt to mask another?

This shot of Bank of America CEO Ken Lewis announcing his resignation seems to be the classic illustration for these stories. I can only assume photo editors know what they want to convey when they pick it. Let's take it apart:

The first thing you may notice is the pulled down mouth corners and downcast eyes -- but does the rest of his face look sad? The inner corners of his eyes are drawn in and down, they aren't lifting in and up like in a typical sad expression. His lips are drawn completely inside his mouth and pressed tightly together, and like the eyebrows, that's a strong indication of anger.

Could the intense clamping of the lips and the downward/no-eye contact gaze be an indication of an intense anger that must at all costs be restrained? A stony mask to wear during one of the more painful and infuriating experiences of your life? An attempt to appear serious and appropriately concerned when in fact extremely aggravated? What do you see?

The Eyes Have It

Have you ever noticed that human eyes are rather significantly different than the eyes of other mammals, including (or maybe even especially) those of other primates? A new study from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Antropology in Germany has hypothesized that our white sclera and high-contrast irises have helped others understand where our gaze is directed, which in turn improved our social communication and cooperation abilities.

Why Eyes are So Alluring

Can you think of times when you've reacted to just a minor movement of someone's gaze?

The classic is the party scene where, even without the person moving their head, you notice their gaze leave your face and move over your shoulder to someone beyond. This is a subtle, but strong social cue that the conversation is drawing to a close and, unless you want to seem uncouth, you need to move aside in such a way to allow your conversational partner to leave.

Share other gaze-related body language cues in the comments!

Rating the Experts

Below is a five-minute local news video with the authors of a book on body language for job interviews. While most of what they say won't be news to readers of this blog, it's interesting to watch the body language on display during the interview. What sticks out for you? I share my impressions after the video:


Scroll down for impressions:





The first thing I noticed is the (reasonable) nervousness of the male author - he's appropriately using his hands but maybe he's thinking about his body language too much and so he trips over his speech a bit. The tall barstools are terrific for exposing the whole body here - compare the ramrod straight posture, big social smiles and submissive hands in laps of the guests with the upright but more relaxed and dominant bodies and faces of the hosts. Not unlike a job interview!

Note that the male guest mirrors the male host, and the women do this as well. My favorite part was the put-on look of surprise at one point from the female host - it lasts way too long and is a dead give-away that she's not actually surprised but that she wants to convey that emotion to the audience. What did you see?

Slip of the Lips?

Obama Leaks Emotion Over Gates Affair

What does a "pursed lip" mean? In this ABC News article, the author offers the evidence of several body language experts who parse this and other facial expressions for readers.

"I think Obama was disappointed in himself that he got sucked into this," said [TJ] Walker, CEO of Media Training Worldwide. "It's so rare that he does stumble into something. Compared to the last four presidents, he gets off message and sticks his foot in his mouth less often."

Later in the article, FBI profiler Brad Garrett was consulted:

"Lip tightening is usually read as "trying to control their speech or are getting angry," he said. "It makes sense that someone as cool as Obama was probably pissed that he used that one word [stupidly] and that the press made such a big deal out of it."

Crime suspects [and others] bite, gnaw, cover their mouths, put folders over their faces -- all as an "obstruction," according to Garrett."

What do you think? I know I purse and chew my lips all the time, but am not known for my verbal restraint either. Sometimes I notice it in myself and others during times of questioning or decision-making -- or could it be the urge to "keep one's mouth shut" until the answer has been reached?

Read the entire ABC News article.

Disgust

Both Kate Gosselin and Sarah Palin are showing disgust in these pictures. Notice the wrinkling along the sides of Kate's nose and the upper lip moving upwards and showing her teeth.

Sarah is showing a different version of this emotion. It doesn't look like there is any wrinkling along her nose, but the shadows and the bridge of her glasses makes this a bit difficult to determine. However, her upper lip is STRONGLY raised, so strongly, in fact, that she has pushed her lower lip up just as strongly, in order to keep her lips together.

Neither of them like what they're looking at in the moment these pictures were taken.

Kim Jong Il

Older, ailing and increasingly frail? Yes. Still in charge? Definitely:



Other side of the same shot:



Still the boss:



Photos and story at the New York Times.